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- Fighting Germany - Again, FDR, Many felt that in war emergency there should be no change in leadership, Democratic nomination FDR w/ change in vice pres from Henry Wallace to Harry S. WWI was for bankers and arms manufacturers - US gov organized special agencies to mobilie US economic and military resources: AMericans living in other parts of US (i. Hawaii) did not come under order Bi 1. - Hitler and Mussolini, and Japan invading China only increased Ams want to be isolationist to - Mexican Americans, Many worked in defense industries; >300,000 served in military, 1942 agreement w/ Mexico allowed Mexican farmworkers ( braceros ) to enter US in - Hitler creating strong air force - Dollar diplomacy no longer made econ sense bc depression lacked investment resources - Smith v. Allwright (1944) ruled it was unconstitutional to deny membership in political - American Isolationists threatened Brit control of seas, FDR knew that selling US destroyers to Brit would outrage isolationists but arranged a - Dec 7, 1941: Japanese planes flew over Pearl Harbor and bombed every ship on sight - In Pacific it was largely US armed forces that challenged the Japanese Japanese invasion of U.S. (Pearl Harbor, HI). Allies invade and regain Europe. Economic Action - Fighting Japan extend conquests to SE Asia 19), Ch. 22), H. Period 8 1945 - 1980 Amsco Note Taking Guide (Ch. Belgium in Dec 1944 in Battle of the Bulge MacArthur, - GI = Government Issue - vast majority of draftees, - Wanted to fight for democracy and hoped to return soon to families, etc, - Women originally served as nurses and clerical workers, - WAC = Womens Army Corps - Waves = Womens divison of the navy, - As a group, these women were better educated and more skilled than soldiers, - Women were banned from combat, but still assisted at home and abroad, - Many women were discriminated against - no lesbians, no homosexual tendencies etc, - Racial segregation was also widespread among women, - 1944 - ~10% of the armys troops were black, - Many black divisions earned distinction in battle, - Many minorities consider their time in the army to be an Americanizing experience, - WWII brought together people from across the country and formed bonds btwn them, - American GIs overseas were at times rowdy and somewhat oppressive, - American soldiers had an unusually high standard of living - made other troops jealous, - Liberating US soldiers in France were often drunk and raped and pillaged, - In German POW camps, Americans were treated well; Russians were starved and killed, - In the Pacific, conditions for POWs were terrible, - As retaliation, GIs treated Japanese prisoners very badly, - For 1st year of the war, the Allies were on the defensive (read: getting slapped around), - Just 2 hrs after Pearl Harbour, the Japanese hit the main US base in the Philippines. - Cuba 28), L. The New Deal s Impact - Lecture notes period 7b, U. Japanese invasion of west coast considered imminent by many, 1942: irrational fears and racism prompted gov to order >100,000 Jap. - Couldnt negotiate an agreement order 9066. Basically banned unions from forming in war-manufacturing factories so that they would not go on a strike. Sept. 16, 1940. - Arsenal of Democracy Indies, or Malaya), FDR described Dec 7 as a date which will live in infamy, Dec 8, Congress acted immediately by declaring war w/ only 1 dissenting vote, Germany and Italy declared war on US three days later, Dec 1941: Hitler broke his nonaggression pact with Stalin and invaded the Soviet Union, Principle Allies 1942-1945: Britain, US, and Soviet Union, Churchill, FDR, and Stalin agreed to concentrate on war in Europe before Japan, The most destructive war on history affected all nations, 50 million military and civilian death worldwide, 15 million Americans served; 300,000 died and 800,000 wounded, More americans died in WW2 than all other US wars (excluding Civil War) combined, US domestically suffered little compared to others, Congress readily accepted the peacekeeping organization implemented after ww, 1944: Allies met at Dumbarton Oaks near Washington D. (Soviets, GB, US, China) and 23), N. Period 7 1898 - 1945 Amsco Note Taking Guide (Ch. - Atlantic Charter, FDR arranged for meeting in August w/ British Prime Minister Winston Churchill b/c 3 days later, Nagasaki. - Japan, Nationalists and militarists increased power in 20s and 30s, Econ conditions worsened, got emperor to invade China and SE Asia for raw materials airplanes destroyed - American Indians, Approx. 2003-2022 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. America's first peacetime draft. Assured a non-involvement of the Soviet Union in a European War. UN, Senate voted to accept US involvement in US, UN came into existence on Oct 24, 1945 w/ majority of member-nations ratifying its charter, FDR wrote in final speech but never delivered: The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will - Succeeded taking North Africa from Germany by May 1943 - 2,400 Americans killed, 1,200 wounded, 20 warships sunk or severely damaged, and 150 of Pacific islands west of Midway Island Allies are victorious. 1942 to x][oH~X`qMo;q28`dxF&5$/OU5Ij* Supreme court case in which the court sided with the gov't on decision involving constitutionality of Internment camps. Becomes a pivotal U.S. civil rights organization. Potsdam, Germany and agreed to demand that Japan surrender unconditionally and to hold work militantly for Af Am interests, FDR issued executive order to prohibit discrimination in gov and in businesses that - Women, >200,000 women served in uniform in army, navy, and marines but in non combat roles, Acute labor shortage caused 5 million women to enter the workforce *industrial jobs in - Naval war to control the shipping lanes known as the Battle of the Atlantic - Brit chose policy of appeasement, Hitler got away with small acts of aggression and expansion, Treaty of Versailles, Hitler, brown shirts gain control of legis in 1933, anti-Semitic U.S. forces capture island of Iwo Jima, month long fight breaks out. - German submarines sank >500 Allied ships in 1942 It also included secret protocol that divided the territories of Romania, Lithuania, Poland, Latvia, Estonia and Finland into Nazi and Soviet Spheres of Influence. sound peace after war would include self-determination for all people, no territorial Begins with Normandy landings. to manage war industries - Defense at Sea, Attacks by Air - Argentina 1936, FDR attends and pledged to submit future disputes to arbitration and Japan sign the Instrument of Surrender on August 15, 1945, officially ending the war. - Early 1940, Japan, Italy, and Germany become the Axis Powers - Disputes with Japan, - 1940-1941: US relations in Japan worsening b/c Japan invasion of China and ambitions to trade that Brit received 50 older destroyers if US got right to build military bases on Brit Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles, Halliday & Resnick Fundamentals of Physics, Pensamiento de sistemas, prctica de sistemas, AP United States History (AP History and Social Science), People feared that Treaty of Versailles wouldnt hold, Early 1930s Japan posed greatest threat to world peace, Defied Open Door Policy and League of Nations by marching into Manchuria, named it - Thomas Dewey, Republican nominee b/c strong record of prosecuting corruption and racketeering, Unable to offer any real alternative to FDR leadership or generate enthusiasm to change - 1934, FDR nullifies Platt Amend retaining Guantanamo Bay Amer battled on streets) Germany invades Soviet Union (June, 1941). 110,000 Japanese people to camps, - Japanese Americans were given one week to close up their homes and, - Korematsu v. US - Supreme Court upheld the legality of the internments - Nat. - Lasted less than 2 hours; started early in the morning material aid to Great Britain (GB) - Americans and the world shocked to learn that 6 million Jewish civilians and several - Economic Diplomacy imports Sets up internment camps in U.S. Forcible transfer by the Imperial Japanese Army of the Filipino and American POWs began. - FDR froze all Japanese credits in the US and cut off Japanese access to vital materials - Death of President Roosevelt, Truman assumed large responsibilities in the war effort as president - Japan needed oil to fuel its navy and air force - Led by General Dwight Eisenhower and British General Bernard Montgomery The "big three" leaders get together to discuss post-war Europe. - Less interest than usual bc attention of WW troops in one year, Only drafts had been Civil War and WWI when we were at war, Isolationists oppose but were outnumbered wartime, 1988: fed gov agreed that ruling was unjust and gave financial compensation to % troubles - Japanese expansion into the Dutch East Indies, British Burma, and French Indochina - In Uruguay 1933, US delegation under FDR pledged to not intervene in internal Latin Am %8 gxz+Rx dd.?D #J}*~~6CjCUDW 5pWTR}kgJ0 G1DzxG`4f\4n{8HY8\:CLIWX`Fx`$AvjJ8 80 Mile march involving physical abuse and murder. First bomb dropped on Hiroshima. US went along with it - Events Abroad: Fascism and Aggressive Militarism communities - Pres Lazaro Cardenas seized oil properties held by US corps, FDR rejected corporate - Office of War Mobilization (OWM) set production priorities and controlled raw materials - Germanys conquest of Europe viewed by FDR as threat to US security and democratic govs (1944) Supreme Court held that govs internment policy justified in Allowed U.S. to sell arms to nations at war on a cash-and-carry basis. beginning bombing raids on German cities - Potsdam, July 17- August 2, 1945: Stalin, Truman, and Clement Attlee (new Brit prime minister) met in Japanese codes, Didnt know the exact target or date (many thought would be in Philippines, Dutch East - Allied drive to liberate France began June 6, 1944 (day of invasion = D-Day) - Japanese Americans, Suffered most from association w/ wartime enemy even though 20,000 served in military, After Pearl Harbor, Jap. those still alive who had been interned - Allies still had several important advantages: - Skilled workforce with the ability to accelerate production, - Soviets could endure huge losses without surrendering, - WWII was more mobile than WWI, and instead of soldiers, it featured tanks and planes, - WWII had huge improvements in communications, eg 2-way radio transmission, etc, - Hitler used these methods to create terror among the defeated Europeans, - RAF fought the Luftwaffe to a stalemate; Hitler could not invade Britain, - Invasion of Russia did not happen until June 22, six weeks later than planned, - Hitler had to help Mussolini, who got his ass kicked in N. Africa and Greece, - Although the Nazis beat the Soviet army, the civilians rallied and cut of supply lines, - When the winter set in, the Soviets launched a counterattack, - 1st time the German war machine had been stopped, - Hitler turned south, and decided to attack Stalingrad, - Soviets lost more people in these battles than the US did in the entire war, - Intense fighting decimated the Soviets, but eventually stopped the Germans, - Feb. 1943 - German Sixth Army surrendered, - Final German offensive against the Soviets came at Kursk, Ukraine - July 1943, - Largest land battle in history - 2 million troops + and 6000 tanks, - After another German defeat, the only option was to defend Germany, - Soviets began to recover from their losses with the help of the USs lend-lease program, - Their victories turned the tide of the war - Hitler was suddenly vulnerable, - 1942 - Although the Nazis controlled most of the world, the Americans were far more productive and the momentum had shifted, - German troops were still on foot, while Allied troops had jeeps, - Oct 23-24, 1942 - British stop a major offensive under Gen. Rommel (The Desert Fox) at El Alamein, - Destroyed the Italian N. African Army and most of the German Afrika Corps, - Operation Torch - British and US troops secured a position in the Mediterranean, - Churchill and Roosevelt would only accept an unconditional surrender, - Critics argued that this would only prolong the war, - B-17 Flying Fortress - believed to be the mightiest bomber ever built, - Described as a humane weapon, capable of hitting specific targets, - Americans bombed during the day, British preferred at night, - In an attempt to break German resistance, the RAF launched raids on cities, - Hamburg and Dresden were each practically levelled, - These attacks lowered German morale and gave the Allies an upper hand, - After the Allies stormed southern Italy in 1943, the King dismissed Mussolini, - Civilians rose up against their Nazi captors, such as in the Warsaw Jewish ghetto, - Partisan resistance helped weaken Nazis and pave the way for Allied attacks, - As Stalin kept pushing for a second front, the Allies prepared for Operation Overlord, - Wanted to retake the continent by pushing through France, - Began on June 6, 1944 with the Normandy invasion (D-Day), - At Omaha Beach, the Nazis prepared the defense perfectly, killing thousands of troops, - As the Allies pushed towards Paris, the Germans retreated quickly, - August 25 - Charles de Gaulle proclaimed president of the French Republic, - Allies chose not to move into Berlin, but instead pushed North, - Germans at Arnhem cut the Allied armies to pieces - 6000 Americans captured, - Battle of the Bulge - Germans suprised Allies, driving them back 50 miles, - Bloodiest campaign involving Americans since the battle of Gettysburg, - By the time the Allies took the Ruhr valley, the German defense seemed hopeless, - By this time Hitler had already committed suicide, - After Pearl Harbour, the Japanese continued their early victories, - Japanese empire proved to be cruel and the conquered people did not like them, - Midway Island - Americans defeated Japanese and ended the threat to the US coast, - Japanese felt that high casualties on both sides would eventually wear down the US, - Americans devised plans to recapture many of the small islands in the Pacific, - Battle of Leyte Gulf - largest naval battle in history - US tried to recapture Philippines, - Under MacArthur, the US regained control of the Pacific, - After Guam was captured, the Americans could reach Tokyo and other cities, - Japan had no significant air force or navy, and could not transport necessary supplies, - US did not the Soviets to take any territory after the war was over, - This led to the use of their secret weapon: the atomic bomb, - During the war, Roosevelt focused on military strategy, but when the German defeat seemed imminent, he began planning for peace, - Wanted to make sure another world war never happened, - During the war, Hitler systematically murdered Jews, Gypsies, and homosexuals, - US government did not release this information until after the war, - US army would not waste resources rescuing civilians unless it was part of an objective, - The Holocaust claimed more than 6,000,000 Jews, 250,000 Gypsies, and 60,000 gays, - Feb. 1945 - Roosevelt met for the last time with Churchill and Stalin, - Russia wanted: the Baltic states and part of Poland as a buffer zone, - Britain wanted: to reclaim its empire in Asia, - The US wanted: to hold several Pacific islands to keep an eye on Japan, - Although Roosevelt claimed the meeting was a success, he realised that at the end of the war nothing would keep the Allies together, - 1944 - Roosevelt won an unprecedented fourth term in office, - April 12, 1945 - Roosevelt died of a stroke, - His death cast a large shadow over the peace process, - After Roosevelts death, cooperation among the Allies was difficult, - Truman had no intentions of making concessoins to the Soviets, - Once Truman found out about the atomic bomb, he knew he did not need the Soviets, - Truman warned the Japanese to surrender immediately, or face complete destruction, - Aug 3, 1945 - Japan refused to surrender, - Aug 6, 1945 - The first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, - Aug 9, 1945 - A second atomic bomb destroys Nagasaki, - The decision to drop the bomb remains one of the most controversial aspects of the war, - Atomic power strengthened the USs diplomatic power, Chapter 24 - The Great Depression and the New Deal, Chapter 30 Outline the Earth and its People, Traditions and Encounters Chapter 37 Test Bank, Chapter 25- Industry Comes of Age 1865 1900, Chapter 25- America Moves to the City 1865-1900, Chapter 25- The Consolidation of Latin America, 1830-1920, Delta Airlines flight Reservation Help- ticket Booking, Spirit Airlines reservations +1-888-820-1050, Spirit Airlines phone number +1-888-820-1050, Delta Airlines contact number +1-888-820-1050. - Task of driving German out of positions in North Africa and Mediterranean MNH - Chc bn thnh cng, may mn, vui v, thnh t, vui ti, ti vui, hnh phc. - Rise of militarist regimes in Germany and Italy caused FDR to seek Latin Ams cooperation in Arrived at U.S. headquarters in London and took command. - Prelude to War - Lend-Lease Act, End cash-and-carry policy by permitting GB to obtain all US arms it needed on credit, Isolationists in America First Committee campaigned against bill but majority opinion in Strategy meeting held between FDR, Stalin, and Churchill. Indies - Good-Neighbor Policy <> Meeting of Stalin, Truman, and Churchill. - Japans invasion of China violation of the Open Door policy Tests world's first atomic bomb in New Mexico. - Results, FDR won 53% of popular vote and 432-99 in electoral college, FDR lived for less than 3 months after inauguration; pres role fulfilled by Harry Truman, Japanese in western Pacific Ocean reached height of power in 1942 and occupied islands in W Pacific, In Europe much of fighting in first year between Germans and Soviets support for GB, Signed into law on March 1941 Amer suspected of being potential spies and saboteurs and - Neutrality Act of 1937 forbade shipment of arms to opposing side in Spain Civil War - From North Africa to Italy 50 U.S. naval destroyers were transferred to UK in exchange for land rights on British possessions. - Med island of Sicily gained from Italy by summer of 1 943 %PDF-1.5 11 Notes - American Pageant Chapter 11, N. Period 6 1865 - 1898 Amsco Note Taking Guide (Ch. from want, and freedom from fear - July 1941: Japanese troops occupied French Indochina - Philippines - 1935 to 1938, series of aggressive actions by fascists in Euro made Brit and France nervous - Pearl Harbor Discussion 4 MM - Marketing differences under different product life cycles. U.S. immediately declares war on Japan. US tariffs up to 50% for nations that reciprocate with comparable reductions for US Agreement became synonymous with appeasement. Ex. - Pan-American Conferences FDR wins 3rd term against Republican Wendell Wilkie. endobj nationality, ethnicity, and religion from serving in groups as bands of brothers, Wartime migrations softened regional differences, and led to recognition of the injustice - Success depended on mobilizing Americas people, industries, and creative and scientific certain percentage for profit <> - If US embargo on oil didnt end Japan would likely seize oil resources in the Dutch East demands to intervene and encourage comps to negotiate {HQ.=' "`l FDR wins 4th term, defeats Republican Thomas Dewey. United Nations is formed and USSR secretly enter war against Japan. 1 0 obj Settlement reached by Germany, France, Britain, and Italy, stating that Germany could annex the Czechoslovakian Sudetenland. affairs opposing TRs policy of intervention being corollary to Monroe Doctrine U.S. navy decisively defeats an Imperial Japanese Navy attack. United Nations) beachheads on the Normandy Coast together Bus 1101 unit 6 LJ - Unit 6 learning journal entry for principal of management course 1101. 4 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> - The Election of 1944 - 1940: Japan allied with Germany and Italy with the Axis Powers - Spanish Civil War, Started in 1936 was an ideological struggle between force of repub Loyalists and defending region from danger people wanted experienced leader islands in Caribbean prices, wages, and rents, and rationing meat, sugar, gasoline, and auto tires to fight, Still faced continued discrimination and segregation (race riots in NY and Detroit 1943), Civil rights leaders adopt slogan of Double V (victory over fascism abroad and equality 2 0 obj - Korematsu v. U. Marks the date when the war ends in Europe because of Germany's surrender. million non-Jews had been systematically murdered by Nazi Germany - D-Day: British, Canadian, and US forces under Gen. Eisenhower secured several - Shoot-on-Sight, FDR ordered US Navy to escort British ships w/ lend-lease materials from US shores as - Provided indep for Philippines by 1946 and gradual removal of US military - Destroyers-for-Bases Deal, Sept 1940, Brit under constant assault by bombing raids, German submarines horrifying extent of the Nazis genocide against Jews and others - Germany, Nazi party in 1920s, reaction to bad econ conditions after war and resentment over - Unconditional surrender of the Naxi armies took place on May 7 far as Iceland on July 1941, Sept. 4: Greer US Destroyer was attacked by German submarine, Caused FDR to order the US navy to attack all German ships on sight, US now fighting undeclared war against Germany Coast to leave and reside in barracks of internment camps, Jap. : an American History, Sophia - Unit 3 - Challenge 2 Project Mgmt QSO-340, Skill Blood Admin - Active Learning Template, Iris Module 2- Accomodations for Students w Disabilities, 10 Cualidades DE Josue COMO Lider en la biblia en el antiguo testamento y el ejempolo que no da, Musculoskeletal Completed Shadow Health 2, D093 Assessing Impact on Student Learning Task 1, Case Study Assignment 3, Jeff-alcoholic and major depressive disorder, TOP Reviewer - Theories of Personality by Feist and feist, Shadow Health Tine Jones Health History Subjective Data, The Issue of Sexual Assault on College Campuses, Bi 2. war-crime trials of Nazi leaders, warned that if a Euro power were to attack they would find a Hemisphere that worked, demands to intervene and encourage comps to negotiate, C. Period 7 1898 - 1945 Amsco Note Taking Guide (Ch. - US used a cost-plus system which paid war contractors the costs of production plus a Rationed gas, heating oil, metal, & rubber. - Role of Federal gov expanded greatly - US fleet in Pacific anchored at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii raids since 1942 - Wartime Solidarity, New Deal helped immigrant groups feel more included reduced prejudiced based on - Neutrality Acts, Wanted to ensure US policy would be neutral in case of war in Euro, Each law applied to nations the Pres declared to be at war U.S. provides weapons and supplies to Britain, Soviet Union, France, and China. - Wendell Willkie, Repubs chose Willkie, lawyer and utility exec, Criticized New Deal but agreed with FDR on preparedness and giving Brit aid, Criticized FDR breaking two term tradition iron to all countries except Britain and the nations of the Western Hemi avoid war Outcome was the opening of a second front against Nazi Germany by the Western Allies. - US insisted that Japan pull troops out of China, Japan refused 3 0 obj expansion, and free trade - Mexico Killed while trying to flee from Italy to Switzerland. harvest season w/out going through formal immigration procedures, Sudden Mexican immigration into Los Angeles led to white resentment and let to zoot

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